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Jun 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-26-6358
Marks RayCorresponding author
Hip fractures, which remain an immense public health concern, have been subject to study and prevention efforts for many decades, but with limited success in averting either incident, second or subsequent hip fractures, commonly attributed to a combination of age related proclivity to fall, low bone and muscle mass. This review examines second hip fracture incidence rates and determinants of this serious functionally debilitating injury as observed over time remains a current 2026 public health concern. It specifically explores if more preventive efforts are currently warranted in this regard, and in what respect, if indeed, more frail older adults are living longer, but may be in excessively poor health, fearful of moving or falling, malnourished, weak with poor balance, or depressed. Based on what is published, it is concluded 1) second hip fracture incidence rates remain considerable, especially among those who are frail with osteoporotic bone disease, poor vision, heart/or cognitive conditions, plus those with muscle deficits of the lower limb, live alone and have a falls history; 2) studies to identify possible mitigation approaches appear promising in this regard, along with more routine efforts to minimize falls risk and bone attrition.
Apr 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2473-1005.jdoi-26-6170
Y. S. Lee CameronCorresponding author
For the edentulous patient, dental implant therapy is the accepted treatment to replace one or more missing teeth as implant survival rates are greater than 90%. Unfortunately, surgical removal of dental implants occurs for a variety of reasons. As human studies are limited, this case report provides an opportunity to evaluate the peri-implant characteristics in a dental implant removed from a patient using histology. In our patient, the implant was removed three years after completion of the prosthetic phase due to fracture of the abutment that could not be removed from the implant. Histological examination of the implant revealed mature lamellar bone in direct contact with the implant surface. Histomorphometric evaluation revealed a bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of 73.6%.
Mar 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-23-4444
A. Byrd WilliamCorresponding author
A 27-year-old male presented one week after surgical repair of his fractured left zygomatic arch, 5 weeks post-assault, complaining of persistent blurred vision in the left eye and worsening migraine headaches. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed no intra-orbital pathologies or optic neuropathy but demonstrated a clearly delineated air-filled space of the left anterior clinoid process (ACP). No vision threatening pathologies were identified and surgical treatment was not recommended. His blurred vision remained at 6-month follow up. We report a case of delayed vision loss and headache post zygomatic fracture repair surgery in patient with a confirmed ipsilateral ACP pneumatization.
Jan 2021
Ramalingam ManickamCorresponding author
Urology Clinic, Coimbatore
Small extra-peritoneal bladder injury is commonly treated conservatively as it heals spontaneously. However if there is an impinging bony spicule in the rent, the bladder wound does not heal and it is preferable to repair the rent primarily. We present a case of non healing extra-peritoneal bladder injury initially managed conservatively in a trauma center with supra-pubic catheter (SPC). Cystogram was done after 7 weeks showed persistent leakage of contrast. Hence patient was managed by laparoscopic repair of persistent extra-peritoneal bladder rent.
Aug 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-20-3495
Marks RayCorresponding author
Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, NY 10027, United States
Hip fractures, which remain highly prevalent among the elderly and produce enormous social and economic costs, have not truly abated in prevalence despite years of research that outlines a multitude of preventable risk factors and intervention programs. This review aimed to examine if sleep disturbances have a bearing on the risk of incurring a hip fracture directly or indirectly, among older adults. The specific aim was to explore and summarize what we know, and how this might inform future research and practice. To this end, PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar data bases were searched to uncover available data representing the topic of sleep in relation to hip fractures among the elderly. Articles of note were scrutinized and summarized in narrative form. Results showed very few studies on the topic prevail, even with no restriction on years examined, and of these, discordant, rather than any solid uniform conclusions prevail. It is concluded there is a need to explore this topic carefully, including both the direct, as well as the indirect impact of sleep that may place an older adult at heightened risk for a fall and hip fracture injury as well as subsequent fractures.
Nov 2019
Miroslav Budoš MUDr.Corresponding author
Traumatology dep., Bata Hospital Zlín, Chzech Republic.
Modern medicine gives treatment options even in cases, where this has not been possible in the past. We want to present how negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) helps in limb salvage. The case report brings our insight and experience on how to be successful with NPWT. We present a high-energy injury with an open tibial fracture IIIB according to Gustillo-Anderson classification 11. NPWT is an excellent option to treat extensive soft tissue injury. NPWT is also beneficial in the application of the dermoepidermal graft as we have found. We can confirm that this therapy contributed to a faster healing of soft tissues compared to classical wound healing.
Apr 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2688-5328.ijp-19-2717
Ip DavidCorresponding author
FRCS FHKCOS FHKCOS (Rehabilitation) FHKAM (Ortho Surg), Wellness Pain Centre Hong Kong
Objective The current clinical case series assess the clinical outcome of the use of low-level laser in the treatment of painful pediatric fractures not solidly consolidated and re-modelled after casting for a standard of 4-6 weeks Materials and Methods The patient cohort consisted of 17 consecutive unselected patients in pediatric age group with delayed fracture consolidation and/or undesirable angulation despite casting for a standard period of 4-6 weeks in whom the parents refused any surgical intervention and/or bone grafting options. All subjects were referred from other medical centers after inadequate healing of the fracture ends upon repeating the x ray after the cast was off at the 4-6 weeks mark. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on alternate days for 8weeks in upper limb fracture cases, and 12 weeks in lower limb fracture cases were administered with a view of enhancing bone healing and/or re-modelling since both previous clinical and basic science studies on LLLT showed a stimulatory effect on fracture healing. Results All patients had solid union, mean time for union for upper and lower limb fractures were 6 and 10 weeks respectively. The calculated p value is statistically significant at p < 0.05. No patient defaulted follow up. All parents were satisfied with the clinical and radiological result of the LLLT treatment. Conclusion LLLT was found not only to enhance bone healing potential but in fact improved bone re-modelling when used in the proper wavelength and energy density in pediatric upper and lower limbs fractures, thereby also rapidly resolve the intolerable pain in paediatric fracture population
Feb 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2766-6204.jmpt-17-1913
NF TepeneuCorresponding author
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, General Hospital Klagenfurt, Austria
The three most common elbow fractures classically reported in pediatric orthopedic literature are supracondylar (50–70%), lateral condylar (17–34%), and medial epicondylar fractures (10%). The mechanism of injury varies, but the most commonly described mechanism involves a fall on an outstretched hand with varus, valgus or rotational force or a combination thereof. The vectors of force and the degree of chondro-osseous development dictate the type of injury incurred. A review of the literature was conducted to see the most frequent injuries and complications.
Aug 2014 DOI 10.14302/issn.2473-1005.jdoi-14-413
A. Ibrahim DinaCorresponding author
Demonstrator in Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura UniverAsity, Mansoura, Egypt.
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sport and energy drinks on conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials regarding fracture toughness, surface roughness and fluoride release. Methods: The restorative materials used were conventional and resin-modified glass ionomers. Sport drinks used were Gatorade Perform 02 and Pocari sweat, while the energy drinks were Red Bull and Power Horse. Specimens were prepared and divided into five groups according to the immersion media (distilled water, two sport drinks and two energy drinks) for 1 and 7 days. The fracture toughness was determined using three-point bending method. Surface roughness was measured using surface profilometer. Fluoride release was determined using a conventional ion chromatograph testing unit. The data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference test. For comparison between the two materials under each condition, t-test was used. Results: There was no significant difference in fracture toughness between sport, energy drinks and distilled water at the different time intervals except for conventional glass ionomer after 7 days. Resin-modified glass-ionomer exhibited smoother surfaces more than conventional one in sport and energy drinks after 1 day. After 7 days, both conventional and resin-modified glass ionomers showed greater surface roughness. Both conventional and resin-modified glass ionomers release more fluoride in acidic beverages than distilled water. Conclusions: The effect of sport and energy drinks on the fracture toughness may depend on the composition and acidity of drink. Fluoride release increased with the consumption of sport and energy drinks.
May 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2997-1977.jd-22-4183
Noorbakhsh SamilehCorresponding author
Professor of Pediatric Infectious Disease, pediatric infectious diseases Departement, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
Temporal lobe meningoencephalocele is an uncommon anomaly in the face. As brain tissue herniate through the dural imperfection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or a mass will appear in the mastoid, middle ear or the both. Here we present a 10 years old boy with right lobe temporal meningoencephalocele which results in CSF leakage and manifested with bacterial meningitis. He had a history of head trauma and bone fracture 3 years ago. In surgery the defect repaired and the patient showed improvement.
May 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2689-5773.jcdp-21-3799
Bajaj AnubhaCorresponding author
Consultant Histopathologist
Preface Frequently, benign bone tumours are an incidental discovery wherein clinical symptoms are contingent to tumour location and magnitude and manifest as localized pain, swelling, skeletal deformities or pathologic fracture. Radiographic imaging is a cogent methodology of discerning the neoplasms.
Aug 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-20-3496
Marks RayCorresponding author
Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, NY 10027, United States
Osteoarthritis, a widespread joint disease, commonly results in considerable pain and functional disability, especially among older adults. At the same time, falls and fall injuries, also common among the older population, may not only contribute to the onset of osteoarthritis, but once established, to falls that lead to fractures and disability in their own right. But what does the research show specifically? Objective This report aimed to examine what is known about the interrelationship between falls and osteoarthritis and the implications that can be drawn from this information. Methods Using the PUBMED data base, studies describing an association between osteoarthritis and falls were sought. Those fulfilling the eligibility criteria were reviewed and summarized in narrative form. Results Consistent support for an osteoarthritis-falls associated linkage is limited and not as robust as one would predict. Whether the observed associations between these health determinants are a cause of osteoarthritis, a consequence or both, or simply spurious findings is hard to decipher. Conclusion More numerous and carefully designed research to examine this issue is warranted and may be extremely helpful in preventing, as well as ameliorating a high degree of excess disability and associated fiscal costs due to both falls as well as osteoarthritis among the elderly.
Apr 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2689-2855.jan-20-3244
Bendjemil BadisCorresponding author
DGM, FST, University of 8 Mai 1945 of Guelma, 24000 Guelma, Algeria
Nanocomposites are worn resistant materials used in cutting tool applications. The materials are composed of ultrafine powder hard phase grains surrounded by a tough binder phase carbon nanotubes (Mo2C)1-x–(TiC)x (2≤x≤4)//1Wt% SWCNTs. Composite bicarbide Mo2C-TiC was rapidly synthesised and simultaneously consolidated by field activated sintering technique (spark plasma sintering) at which the extensive volume expansion occurred as a function of the volumic fraction from 20 to 40 vol.% of TiC powders and 1 Wt.% of SWCNTs was reinforcement of the NCMC’s. The sintered powder mixture was examined by XRD patterns, the morphology of the obtained phase was observed by SEM and the phase compositions in different regions were analyzed by EDX. The composites were processed using Field Activated Sintering Technique, spark plasma sintering (SPS) at temperatures in the range of 1700-1800°C with addicting of SWCNTs. The effects of SWCNTs addition on phases morphology, microstructure hardness and fracture toughness of the nanocomposite were investigated. The best product contained 1.0 Wt% SWCNTs from (Mo2C)1-x–(TiC)x , x= 0.2 which was sintered at 1700°C, 70 MPa for 10 min, M0.8T0.2/ 1 Wt% SWCNTs exhibit a better density, highest hardness and good ductility. Relative densification was achieved 99.5 % from the theoretical and good mechanical properties like hardness and fracture toughness (KIC=5.6 Mpa m1/2) are improved. The results were confirmed using Raman scattering resonant spectroscopy.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2689-2855.jan-20-3263
Bendjemil BadisCorresponding author
DGM, FST, University of 8 Mai 1945 of Guelma, 24000 Guelma, Algeria
Nanocomposites are worn resistant materials used in cutting tool applications. The materials are composed of ultrafine powder hard phase grains surrounded by a tough binder phase carbon nanotubes (Mo2C)1-x–(TiC)x (2≤x≤4)//1Wt% SWCNTs. Composite bicarbide Mo2C-TiC was rapidly synthesised and simultaneously consolidated by field activated sintering technique (spark plasma sintering) at which the extensive volume expansion occurred as a function of the volumic fraction from 20 to 40 vol.% of TiC powders and 1 Wt.% of SWCNTs was reinforcement of the NCMC’s. The sintered powder mixture was examined by XRD patterns, the morphology of the obtained phase was observed by SEM and the phase compositions in different regions were analyzed by EDX. The composites were processed using Field Activated Sintering Technique, spark plasma sintering (SPS) at temperatures in the range of 1700-1800°C with addicting of SWCNTs. The effects of SWCNTs addition on phases morphology, microstructure hardness and fracture toughness of the nanocomposite were investigated. The best product contained 1.0 Wt% SWCNTs from (Mo2C)1-x–(TiC)x , x= 0.2 which was sintered at 1700°C, 70 MPa for 10 min, M0.8T0.2/ 1 Wt% SWCNTs exhibit a better density, highest hardness and good ductility. Relative densification was achieved 99.5 % from the theoretical and good mechanical properties like hardness and fracture toughness (KIC=5.6 Mpa m1/2) are improved. The results were confirmed using Raman scattering resonant spectroscopy.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2689-2855.jan-20-3243
Bendjemil BadisCorresponding author
DGM, FST, University of 8 Mai 1945 of Guelma, 24000 Guelma, Algeria
Cubic boron nitrid (cBN) bonded TiC and alloyed with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs or NC) ceramics matrix nanocomposites (CMNCs) tools were manufacturated by a field actived sparck plasma sintering processus (FASPS). The effects of cBN-TiC ratio, carbon nanotubes and optimisation of the sintering process on the microstructure, densification in addition mechanical and vibronic properties of NC-cBN-TiC nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that for the nanocomposite cBN-TiC vol. ratio of 8:2 with 0.1 wt% NC, it was found that microhardness incresses significantly with addition of carbon nanotubes exhibited the highest microhardness and fracture toughness. After sintering of the samples at 1800 °C, 10 mn, 75 MPa of cBN–TiC1-x, x=0.8 with and without addition of 0.1 wt% NC were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction. The samples exhibited a dense polycrystalline structure. From the resonant Raman scattering we can locate the vibration frequency of the transformation cBN to hexagonal boron nitrid (hBN) and formation of secondary hard phase TiB2to consolid the (CMNCs) tools. The final product is hBN-TiC-TiB2-NC.The best product contained cBNx-TiC1-x (x=0.8)-0.1 wt % NC which was sintered at 1800 °C, 75 MPa for 10 mn. The Vickers hardness of cBN-TiC1-x (x=0.8) incresses with NC incorporation in the matrix The indentation fracture toughness was calculated to be 12.30 MPa m1/2 for cBNx-TiC1-x (x=0.8 -0.1 wt % NC ceramics matrix nanocomposite (CMNCs) tools with excellent wear resistant will be confirmed. The wear of cBN-TiC of the composites tools have shown that this is predominantly a chemical process involving the interaction of the tool with its environment and is restricted by the formation of protective layers on the exposed faces of the tool by the addition of carbon nanotubes (NC). The wear features of tools used in fine cutting tests under identical conditions will be compared and the results will be interpreted in terms of the existing models for the wear of cBN -based nanomaterials by the effects of the additives in the modified tools
Oct 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-19-3053
A TiwariCorresponding author
MBBS II Year, School of Medical Science & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida.
Introduction The human tibia is a complex anatomical unit and the knowledge of its morphometric values is important in Forensic, Anatomic and Radiological cases in order to identify unknown bodies and stature. Objective It was to analyze the tibia, its morphometry, side difference and to investigate the position of nutrient foramina in tibia. Methods In this study, 60 adult human tibias (30 right and 30 left) were obtained from the Department of Anatomy SMSR SHARDA UNIVERSITY. In the study a total of two parameters i.e. Cross Section Index in the middle and Cnemicus Index of the bones were obtained and evaluated by using two instruments- a Measuring Tape and a Vernier Calipers. All the bones were dry and showed normal anatomical features. Results The mean Cross Section Index in the middle was calculated as 80.42 ± 11.33 on the right side and 78.15± 12.78 on the left side; and the Cnemicus index was 78.40 ± 13.19 on the right side and 70.84 ± 11.38 on the left side Conclusion The two parameters in the North Indian population were compared with other populations. The values were found to be almost comparable however there were subtle differences between different populations. The position of nutrient foramen was also assessed. This knowledge will thus help further researchers and orthopedic surgeons in various procedures like joint replacement therapy, fracture repair, bone grafts and vascularized bone microsurgery as well as in medico‐legal cases.
Jun 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-19-2750
Konadu-Yeboah DominicCorresponding author
Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeon, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, Part-Time Lecturer, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Purpose Foot injuries are common in low- and middle-income countries and continue to increase in incidence due to the surge in the use of motorcycles as means of transport.Yet, there is scanty data on the incidence and outcomes of treatment of open injuries to the foot in the developing world.We aimed to determine the incidence and functional outcomes of open foot injuries that are treated in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Methods We used a structured questionnaire to record the type of open foot injury, the mechanism of injury, any concomitant injuries, the time interval between injury and arrival at the hospital for treatment as well as the type of treatment instituted. Recruited patients were followed up for six months, complications resulting from the injury or its treatment were recorded for each patient. The function of the foot after healing of the injury was measured using a questionnaire-based visual analogue outcome scale of the American Foot and Ankle Society. Regression and chi-square analysis were used to evaluate potential associations. Results Over a four-month period, a total of 81 cases of open injuries to the foot were recorded. Out of this figure, 55 patients (67.9%) were males and 26 (32.1%) were females. It was found, that 66.7% aged between 19 and 49 years, 76.5% of the injuries occurred on the road and 29.7% was motor cycle related. Pedestrians are the most afflicted (61.7%). The treatment outcomes of traumatic amputations, open phalangeal fractures, dorsal skin degloving and lacerations were good. Gustillo-Anderson grade IIIB open fractures with associated plantar skin degloving had the worst outcomes with residual pain on weight bearing, bigger foot, inability to wear previous shoes and inability to tiptoe on the affected foot. Conclusions Open injuries to the foot are common in Ghana and exert a significant health burden, particularly on active young males. Long term disability may occur, even after adequate treatment of open fractures involving the foot.
Jun 2018
Kendall KevinCorresponding author
University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
Graphene-Ceramic Composites (GCCs) have been little studied compared to graphene-polymer composites 1. Recent reviews 23 indicate that both mechanical and electrical property ceramic improvements can be obtained by mixing small quantities, typically 1 to 15% of graphene material with a ceramic precursor, then compacting and sintering. The greatest effect is on the electrical properties. The electrical conductivity of a material was first shown to rise by several orders of magnitude for only a 1% volume addition of graphene as in polymer composites 4 but the stiffness, strength and toughness only increased by 20-160% or so at 5% addition, a rather minor improvement compared to significant increases caused by slight ceramic process changes. Some crack bridging and pull-out mechanism was observed by electron microscopy in graphene-alumina composites, though the effects were modest. Surface friction and wear improvements of around 100% were also notable. This paper seeks to show that much higher toughness increases might be produced using the method pioneered by Clegg et al 5, where the graphite interlayers are replaced with graphene to produce improved ordered interfaces with reliable coverage and consistent interface fracture energy, enabling an increase in the fracture resistance of the ceramic by two orders of magnitude.
Apr 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-18-2030
A. Kiryanov N.Corresponding author
Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Russia.
Introduction: The use of non-medicinal facilities for correcting processes in various pathological conditions is one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. Purpose of the Work: To study the effect of low-intensity infrared laser radiation on reparative bone formation and angiogenesis in bone regeneration which is formed in treatment of fractures under conditions of transosseous osteosynthesis. Material and Methods: A tibia fracture was modeled experimentally in rats in the control and experimental groups. Reposition and fixation of fragments were performed. The fracture zone in the experimental group animals was exposed to the impact of pulsed infrared laser irradiation of low intensity. Animals from the control group underwent the impact simulation. The operated bones were investigated using the methods of X-ray, light and electron microscopy, X-ray electron probe microanalysis. Results: It was established that laser radiation exposure sessions activated fibrillogenesis and angiogenesis, accelerated compacting of newly formed bone tissue and increased its maturity while primary fracture healing occurred. Prolonged capillary dilatation and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, intensive capillarogenesis were noted after sessions of laser therapy in bone regeneration. Endothelial outgrowth was formed in the lumen of the vessels forming capillary buds that propagate along the “mother” vessels (endovascular capillarogenesis). Conclusion: The data obtained revealed a possible mechanism of laser radiation exposure at the level of a whole organism and proved the effectiveness of its application in clinical practice at the early stages of patient rehabilitation under conditions of transosseous osteosynthesis.
Sep 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-17-1724
Wanby PärCorresponding author
Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
Hypovitaminosis D is common among older people and treatment with vitamin D is associated with reduced risk of falls and fractures. This paper provides a cost analysis of assessing the vitamin D status of and providing the pharmaceuticals for elderly citizens in Kalmar County, Sweden (population approximately 230,000). Four hypothetical interventions were analyzed: (a) systematic vitamin D/calcium supplementation to all elderly (≥75 years), (b) assessment of vitamin D status in elderly and supplementation to those with insufficient levels, (c) systematic vitamin D/calcium supplementation to all nursing-home residents, and (d) assessment of vitamin D status in nursing-home residents and supplementation to those with insufficient levels. The calculations were based on an estimated reduction in overall costs due to the assessed number of hip fractures after vitamin D/calcium supplementation. The annual net economic benefit of vitamin D/calcium supplementation was estimated at (a) €304,000, (b) €860,000, (c) €755,000, and (d) €740,000. The provision of systematic vitamin D supplementation to nursing-home residents would provide a substantial net economic benefit to society and assessment of the vitamin D status before starting supplementation does not seem to be necessary. Although assessment of all elderly citizens would be more comprehensive, the true proportion with insufficient vitamin D levels in the general population is uncertain and to reaching consensus on the most advantageous daily vitamin D intake, vitamin D blood levels are necessary. Also, systematic supplementation to all elderly would result in other outcomes that could be worth the cost, but that remains to be evaluated.
Jun 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2473-1005.jdoi-16-1193
Mugisha Rwenyonyi CharlesCorresponding author
Department of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala
The objective of the study was to establish the role of helmet use on severity and pattern of maxillofacial injuries among motorcycle crash victims attending Mulago Hospital. This was descriptive cross sectional case series study using a questionnaire in form of an oral interview, clinical examination and review of medical records of the patients. The pattern of injuries was assessed based on the demarcated regions of the face. The severities of the injuries were scored using the Facial Injury Severity Scale. The data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. There were 105 participants (male/female: 97/8) aged 15 to 63 years. Most participants (n= 74, 70.5%) were riders and the rest were passengers. There were no female riders. Most participants were from Kampala and surrounding districts. Overall, 35.2% of the participants had helmets: 50% of the riders and 0% of the passengers. About 73% o the participants used Three Quarter Shell helmet design. There was no significant difference in the pattern of injuries between the passengers and non helmeted riders (p=0.076). There was a higher frequency helmeted riders (n = 15, 40.5%) with pan-facial fractures compared to other participants. Non helmeted riders and passengers had significantly more injuries to the lower two thirds of the face compared to the helmeted riders. Passengers had less severe facial injuries compared to riders. We conclude that about a third of the participants who were riders used helmets, being particularly the Three Quarter Shell design. The helmeted riders had more severe maxillofacial injuries and of panfacial category as compared to other participants. The passengers had least severe injuries compared to riders. It is recommended to carry out further studies to elucidate on motorcycle related maxillofacial injuries especially in regard to the quality of helmets and their adequate use.
Apr 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-17-1483
Dorfman JonCorresponding author
Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center Worcester, MA
Background: Discharge disposition planning begins at admission and is frequently one of the first questions posed to healthcare providers by patients and families. We hypothesized that pre-injury functional status would predict discharge disposition. Methods: We linked prospective data from the Worcester, MA cohort of the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis (GLOW) study and the UMassMemorial Level 1 Trauma Center Registry to determine predictors of discharge disposition for female geriatric (over the age of 55) trauma patients using bivariate comparisons and multivariable modeling. Results: 154 women of 5,091 in the Worcester GLOW cohort were evaluated for traumatic injury at UMassMemorial and were discharged alive either to their home (n=30) or to rehabilitation, skilled nursing, or nursing home facilities (n=124). The mean age was 79 years and the majority (99%) was white. There were no statistically significant differences in comorbidities or injury severity score between the groups. All women with femur fractures were discharged to a facility. The most common injury among women discharged home was traumatic brain injury. While univariate analysis revealed differences in pre-injury activity status, only age remained statistically different in a logistic regression model predicting discharge to facility (OR 2.61 per additional 10 years of age, 95% CI 1.62 to 4.19, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The majority of elderly women are not discharged home after injury. Pre-injury activity status was not associated with discharge disposition when accounting for other factors. It appears that physical function, which deteriorates with age, is a proxy for aging in older women at risk for osteoporosis.
Jan 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-15-814
Farhadi MohammadCorresponding author
ENT –Head & Neck surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: The etiological factors for nasal polyps include infection, inflammation or an imbalance of a metabolic pathway. This study was designed to compare serum Helicobacter pyloriantibodies and H. pylori–DNAs between cases of nasal polyp and controls (nasal fracture). Patients and Methods: This case control study was carried out in ENT Department of Rasul Hospital in Tehran (2007-2008), upon nasal polyp tissues in 62 cases and inferior nasal turbinate mucosa in 25 controls. H. pylori–DNAs were searched by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum specific H. pylori antibodies (ELISA IgG and IgA). Comparative tests were performed for the 2 groups, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 37.5 ± 13.7 and 31 ± 11.5 years, respectively. H. pylori–DNA was found in 32.3% (20/62) of the cases and 4% (1/25) of the controls (P value = 0.005). Serum H. pylori antibody (IgA) was found in 14.5% (9/62) of the cases and 4% (1/25) of the controls (P value = 0.27). However, previous immunity (IgG) was higher in 71% of the cases and 32% of the controls (P = 0.001). Conclusion: H. pylori infection may play a key role in the formation of nasal polyps. We recommend the PCR as the best method of searching for H. pylori infection. However, from the data obtained in this investigation it could not be determined whether or not H. pylori play a pathogenic role. Long-term antibiotics treatment in cases with nasal polyp, especially in cases with severe chronic rhinosinusitis where patients do not respond to surgery or steroids, may be useful. More randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies are necessary to validate the role of H. pylori infection in nasal polyp and the effect of antibiotics for eradication of H. pylori infection.