Research Topic · Peer-Reviewed

Case-control Studies

A case-control study is an observational, analytic epidemiological design that investigates the association between an exposure and an outcome by comparing individuals who have the outcome of interest (cases) with those who do not (controls), and then ascertaining and contrasting their prior exposures. Because parti…

Curated from this journal's research 📚 8 peer-reviewed articles cited Cited 58× across the literature 🔖 ISSN 2643-2811 🗓 Reviewed July 2026

Overview

A case-control study is an observational, analytic epidemiological design that investigates the association between an exposure and an outcome by comparing individuals who have the outcome of interest (cases) with those who do not (controls), and then ascertaining and contrasting their prior exposures. Because participants are selected on the basis of disease status and exposure is assessed retrospectively, the design is efficient for studying rare conditions and outcomes with long latency, and it can examine multiple exposures for a single outcome. The principal measure of association is the odds ratio, which estimates the relative odds of exposure between cases and controls. Methodological rigor centers on appropriate selection of controls from the same source population as the cases, accurate and unbiased measurement of exposure, and control of confounding through matching or statistical adjustment. Characteristic limitations include susceptibility to selection and recall bias and the inability to estimate disease incidence directly. Case-control designs are widely applied across clinical and public-health research, including investigations such as serum vitamin D status in oral lichen planus, to generate and test hypotheses about risk factors. Understanding the assumptions, strengths, and biases of the case-control approach is essential for valid interpretation of its findings within the broader hierarchy of study designs.

Research published in this journal

8 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.

How this research is being cited

The 8 articles above have been cited 58 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.

A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Case-control Studies, linking to each citing work.

Editorial oversight

Curated from peer-reviewed research published in Model Based Research (ISSN 2643-2811).

Journal editorial board
Yoshiaki Kikuchi · Japan Yung-Yao Chen · Taiwan Yang Chen · United States

This page summarises published research for orientation; it is not medical or professional advice.